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罗马文学中的爱情五步走

时间:2015-04-02 11:27来源:未知 作者:人人文学网 点击:
Come again! sweet love doth now invite Thy graces that refrain To do me due delight, To see, to hear, to touch, to kiss, to die, With thee again in sweetest sympathy. 这是Dowland一首鲁特琴曲的歌词,词作者不祥。以前一直很佩服To see, to hear
Come again! sweet love doth now invite 
Thy graces that refrain 
To do me due delight, 
To see, to hear, to touch, to kiss, to die, 
With thee again in sweetest sympathy. 

这是Dowland一首鲁特琴曲的歌词,词作者不祥。以前一直很佩服To see, to hear, to touch, to kiss, to die这句歌词,今天才知道这个是有来头的,是所谓的quinque lineae amoris(爱情的五个步骤),据说出自泰伦提乌斯和奥维德《变形记》卷十第341-344行:

but unhappy passion keeps the lover here, that I may see Cinyras face to face, may touch him, speak with him and kiss him, if nothing else is granted. But can you hope for aught else, you unatural girl?(Loeb丛书译文)

五个步骤,一曰visus(观看),二曰 allocutio(倾诉), 三曰tactus(触摸),四曰 basium(亲吻) ,五曰coitus(这个词H.R.Vaget含蓄地译为union,那我们就译为“合体”吧。)

罗马人开创的这个传统杀伤力太强大了,Vaget称Western love poetry since the Middle Ages and the Renaissance traditionally had to restrict itself to, at the most, four of the five classcial stages.后来歌德在《罗马哀歌》和《日志》里五要件才再度聚首。但是从奥维德这里看来,似乎“合体”也只是暗示,正如Dowland歌曲作者用die来暗示。两者的热烈程度似乎无甚差别,甚至die效果还要强烈些。瓦格纳的“爱之死”,其实也就是走到第五步,合体不成,只好一死了之。
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